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📖 Long-term risk of herpes zoster [shingles] following COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study of 2,442,686 patients

Chen et al / Journal of Medical Virology • 18 April 2023

❦ 'The risk of herpes zoster (HZ) [shingles] remained significantly higher [+60%] in patients with COVID-19, compared with those without COVID-19.

The higher risk of HZ in the COVID-19 cohort compared with that in the non-COVID-19 cohort remained consistent across subgroup analyses regardless of vaccine status, age, or sex.

The risk of HZ within a 12-month follow-up period was significantly higher in patients who had recovered from COVID-19 compared with that in the control group.'

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📖 (18 Apr 2023 ~ Journal of Medical Virology) Long-term risk of herpes zoster following COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study of 2 442 686 patients ➤

C-19: Archives

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✾ On SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), brain damage, neurological damage, and dementia

by C19.Life... et al • 21 November 2025

‘Although COVID-19 was originally considered a respiratory illness, it is now well established that SARS-CoV-2 infection can have far-reaching impacts on the nervous system. Common neurological symptoms in Long COVID [PASC] include new-onset cognitive difficulties, dysautonomia, fatigue, and peripheral neuropathy.’ from ‘Neuroimmune pathophysiology of long COVID’ by Moen et al / Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences (2025).

📖 Neurological and neurodevelopmental effects of Covid and MIS-C on children

by Byrne et al ~ Nature Pediatric Research / Bioengineer • 11 November 2025

‘The pediatric population, once thought to be relatively spared from severe outcomes, has presented with significant neurological manifestations that raise concerns about the short- and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the developing nervous system.’

Knock-knock... It’s mild!

by C19.Life • 5 November 2025

“How mild can a cigarette be?”

A WHO’s Who of VOCs, VOIs and VUMs: Alphabet Stew and Numeric Ragout for Dummies

by C19.Life • 1 November 2025

“We’re going to need a bigger Greek alphabet.”

'The Approved List of biological agents'. Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens / UKHSA.

On Biosafety Levels, Hazard Groups, SARS-CoV-2, the UKHSA, Notifiable Organisms and Notifiable Diseases

by United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA) / Health & Safety Executive (HSE) / Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) / C19.Life • 23 October 2025

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has designated SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, a Hazard Group 3 (HG3) pathogen that can cause severe human disease. The United Kingdom’s Health Security Agency (UKHSA) classifies SARS-CoV-2 as a notifiable organism, and COVID-19 as a notifiable disease (2025).

📖 Guidance for Healthcare Employers and Workers on the use of Fluid Resistant Surgical Masks (FRSM) and respirators (FFP3 etc) to comply with the requirements of COSHH (2002) (England) (Updated 2025)

by The British Occupational Hygiene Society ~ COSHH and Healthcare Respiratory Protection • 20 October 2025

‘FRSMs [Surgical Masks] have never been considered either adequate or suitable equipment for protection against inhalable or respirable risks under COSHH.’

☰ 14 studies & articles on... SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) reinfections, cumulative damage, and increased risk of all-cause mortality

by C19.Life... et al • 29 September 2025

‘The arrival of the Omicron variant marked a major shift, introducing numerous extra mutations in the spike gene compared with earlier variants. Before Omicron, natural infection provided strong and durable protection against reinfection, with minimal waning over time. However, during the Omicron era, protection was robust only for those recently infected, declining rapidly over time and diminishing within a year.’

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