additional links by topic

Recent, or recently-added, scientific papers and media articles.


Sorted by topic; not chronologically.

Updated: 3 Dec 2023.

❦ one from 1958

‘To parody the words of Winston Churchill: never have so many been manipulated so much by so few.’

Aldous Huxley, ‘Brave New World Revisited’ (1958)

❦ additional scientific papers & media articles

✒ Heart


📖 (12 May 2023 ~ The British Heart Foundation) Is coronavirus a disease of the blood vessels? ➤


📖 (2 May 2021 ~ Sci Tech Daily) COVID-19 Is a Vascular Disease: Coronavirus' Spike Protein Attacks Vascular System on a Cellular Level ➤


📖 (June 2023 ~ Cardiovascular Research) Association of COVID-19 with short- and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a prospective cohort in UK Biobank ➤


📖 (10 Mar 2023 ~ Current Cardiology Reports) How Does COVID-19 Affect the Heart? ➤


📖 (5 Mar 2023 ~ Boston Herald) Long COVID linked to increased risk for heart disease ➤


📖 (8 Dec 2022 ~ Diagnostics) Cardiac Involvement in Children Affected by COVID-19: Clinical Features and Diagnosis ➤


📖 (19 Jan 2023 ~ Cardiovascular Research) Association of COVID-19 with short- and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a prospective cohort in UK Biobank ➤


📖 (10 Feb 2022 ~ Nature) Heart-disease risk soars after COVID – even with a mild case ➤


📖 (14 Oct 2020 ~ Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine) COVID-19 – A vascular disease ➤


📖 (12 Dec 2022 ~ Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis) Analysis of thrombogenicity under flow reveals new insights into the prothrombotic state of patients with post-COVID syndrome ➤


📖 (3 Sep 2020 ~ European Heart Journal) COVID-19 is, in the end, an endothelial disease ➤


📖 (17 Oct 2022 ~ Nature: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica) Fig. 2: SARS-CoV-2 infection, endothelial dysfunction and multi-organ injury ➤


📖 (17 Oct 2022 ~ Acta Pharmacologica Sinica) Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: an overview of evidence, biomarkers, mechanisms and potential therapies ➤


📖 (31 Aug 2023 ~ Science) Clotting proteins linked to Long Covid's brain fog ➤


❂

✒ UK law & NHS Guidelines


📖 (Accessed 25 Sep 2023 ~ Compact Law) Health & Safety At Work (Health & Safety At Work Act 1974) ➤

 

➲ 'Employers have to take reasonable steps to ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employees at work.

Failure to do so could result in a criminal prosecution in the Magistrates Court or a Crown Court. Failure to ensure safe working practices could also lead to an employee suing for personal injury or in some cases the employer being prosecuted for corporate manslaughter.


As well as this legal responsibility, the employer also has an implied responsibility to take reasonable steps as far as they are able to ensure the health and safety of their employees are not put at risk.


➲ Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992:


This deals with any modification, extension or conversion of an existing workplace. The requirements include control of temperature, lighting, ventilation, cleanliness, room dimensions etc.


➲ Personal Protective Equipment Work Regulations 1992 (PPE):


Deals with protective clothing or equipment which must be worn or held by an employee to protect against health and safety risks. It also covers maintenance and storage of such equipment. Employers cannot charge for such clothing or equipment which must carry the "CE" marking.


➲ The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 & 2013 (RIDDOR):


Employers must notify the Health and Safety Executive or local authority about work accidents resulting in death, personal injury or sickness where an employee is off work for more than 3 days. Records must be kept of all such accidents at the workplace for at least 3 years. Accident books must be kept where an employer employs ten or more persons on the same premises.'


❂


📖 (5 Jan 2022 ~ Journal of Hospital Infection) Airborne protection for staff is associated with reduced hospital-acquired COVID-19 in English NHS trusts ➤


❂


📖 (23 Dec 2022 ~ BMJ: Opinion) The NHS is failing us, but we are failing it too ➤


❂


📖 (31 May 2023 / Accessed 16 Sep 2023 ~ UK Health Security Agency) UKSHA list of notifiable organisms (causative agents) ➤


'Notifications of infectious diseases (NOIDs) and reportable causative organisms: legal duties of laboratories and medical practitioners.


➤ List of notifiable organisms (causative agents).


Causative agents notifiable to UKHSA under the Health Protection (Notification) Regulations 2010:

· Bacillus anthracis
· Bacillus cereus (only if associated with food poisoning)
· Bordetella pertussis
· Borrelia spp
· Brucella spp
· Burkholderia mallei
· Burkholderia pseudomallei
· Campylobacter spp
· Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
· Chikungunya virus
· Chlamydophila psittaci
· Clostridium botulinum
· Clostridium perfringens (only if associated with food poisoning)
· Clostridium tetani
· Corynebacterium diphtheriae
· Corynebacterium ulcerans
· Coxiella burnetii
· Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
· Cryptosporidium spp
· Dengue virus
· Ebola virus
· Entamoeba histolytica
· Francisella tularensis
· Giardia lamblia
· Guanarito virus
· Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
· Hanta virus
· Hepatitis A, B, C, delta, and E viruses
· Influenza virus
· Junin virus
· Kyasanur Forest disease virus
· Lassa virus
· Legionella spp
· Leptospira interrogans
· Listeria monocytogenes
· Machupo virus
· Marburg virus
· Measles virus
· Monkeypox virus
· Mumps virus
· Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
· Neisseria meningitidis
· Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
· Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae, knowlesi
· Polio virus (wild or vaccine types)
· Rabies virus (classical rabies and rabies-related lyssaviruses)
· Rickettsia spp
· Rift Valley fever virus
· Rubella virus
· Sabia virus
· Salmonella spp
➤ SARS-CoV-2
· Shigella spp
· Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
· Streptococcus pyogenes (invasive)
· Varicella zoster virus
· Variola virus
· Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (including E.coli O157)
· Vibrio cholerae
· West Nile Virus
· Yellow fever virus
· Yersinia pestis

 

➤ COVID-19 is a notifiable infectious disease.'


❂


📖 (2 Feb 2023 / Accessed 16 Sep 2023 ~ UK Health Security Agency) UKHSA Advisory Board: preparedness for infectious disease threats ~ Airborne (droplet or aerosol) transmission ➤


{ALSO SEE SAME ENTRY UNDER ‘TRANSMISSION’}


➲ 'Airborne (droplet or aerosol) transmission:


This occurs when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks (droplets) containing the infectious agent are expelled into the air and inhaled by someone nearby OR when an infectious agent is suspended in the air and inhaled by someone (aerosol) because the infectious particles are much smaller and can remain suspended in the air for long periods of time.


➤ For example flu, RSV, COVID-19, TB, measles, C. diphtheria, Strep pneumoniae.'


❂


📖 (24 Aug 2023 ~ The John Snow Project) An Open Letter to Healthcare Providers ➤


❂


📖 (19 Jan 2021 ~ BMJ: Opinion) Up the line to death: covid-19 has revealed a mortal betrayal of the world's healthcare workers ➤


❂


📖 (11 May 2023 ~ NHS England) Application of HEPA filter devices for air cleaning in healthcare spaces: guidance and standards ➤


❂


📖 (21 Mar 2023 ~ World Health Network) Doctors Should Not Infect Patients ➤


❂


📖 (2 Feb 2023 ~ The Guardian) I'm a doctor and I don't like wearing masks at work. Does that make me selfish? ➤


❂


📖 (9 Feb 2023 ~ The Guardian) No-one wants masks, but we still need them to keep Covid at bay ➤

 

➲ 'Doctor Kelly Fearnley and an immunocompromised patient respond to Dr. Jack Pickard's letter calling for an end to the requirement for mask-wearing in all clinical areas.'


❂

✒ Heart



📖 (12 May 2023 ~ The British Heart Foundation) Is coronavirus a disease of the blood vessels? ➤


❂


📖 (2 May 2021 ~ Sci Tech Daily) COVID-19 Is a Vascular Disease: Coronavirus' Spike Protein Attacks Vascular System on a Cellular Level ➤


❂


📖 (June 2023 ~ Cardiovascular Research) Association of COVID-19 with short- and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a prospective cohort in UK Biobank ➤


❂


📖 (10 Mar 2023 ~ Current Cardiology Reports) How Does COVID-19 Affect the Heart? ➤


❂


📖 (5 Mar 2023 ~ Boston Herald) Long COVID linked to increased risk for heart disease ➤


❂


📖 (8 Dec 2022 ~ Diagnostics) Cardiac Involvement in Children Affected by COVID-19: Clinical Features and Diagnosis ➤


❂


📖 (19 Jan 2023 ~ Cardiovascular Research) Association of COVID-19 with short- and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a prospective cohort in UK Biobank ➤


❂


📖 (10 Feb 2022 ~ Nature) Heart-disease risk soars after COVID – even with a mild case ➤


❂


📖 (14 Oct 2020 ~ Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine) COVID-19 – A vascular disease ➤


❂


📖 (12 Dec 2022 ~ Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis) Analysis of thrombogenicity under flow reveals new insights into the prothrombotic state of patients with post-COVID syndrome ➤


❂


📖 (3 Sep 2020 ~ European Heart Journal) COVID-19 is, in the end, an endothelial disease ➤


❂


📖 (17 Oct 2022 ~ Nature: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica) Fig. 2: SARS-CoV-2 infection, endothelial dysfunction and multi-organ injury ➤


❂


📖 (17 Oct 2022 ~ Acta Pharmacologica Sinica) Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: an overview of evidence, biomarkers, mechanisms and potential therapies ➤


❂


📖 (31 Aug 2023 ~ Science) Clotting proteins linked to Long Covid's brain fog ➤


❂

✒ Immunity


📖 (4 Aug 2023 ~ Pre-print) Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation, and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 ➤


❂


📖 (16 Feb 2023 ~ BMC Biology) High SARS-CoV-2 tropism and activation of immune cells in the testes of non-vaccinated deceased COVID-19 patients ➤


❂


📖 (7 Feb 2023 ~ Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) SARS-CoV-2 infection of thymus induces loss of function that correlates with disease severity ➤


❂


📖 (19 Jun 2023 ~ Clinical Rheumatology) Incident autoimmune diseases in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a matched cohort study ➤


❂


📖 (January 2023 ~ Clinical Immunology) Tracking the clonal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in children and adults with mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 ➤


❂


📖 (21 Mar 2021 ~ Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology) Oral candidiasis of COVID‐19 patients: Case report and review of evidence ➤


❂


📖 (18 Jan 2023 ~ Nature) How your first brush with COVID warps your immunity ➤


❂


📖 (8 Apr 2022 ~ Pre-print) SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, but not Omicron, induces thymic atrophy and impaired T cell development ➤


❂


📖 (22 Sep 2021 ~ Nature: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy) SARS-CoV-2 infection causes immunodeficiency in recovered patients by downregulating CD19 expression in B cells via enhancing B-cell metabolism ➤


❂


📖 (21 July 2021 ~ Nature: Cellular & Molecular Immunology) Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection ➤


❂


📖 (12 Jan 2023 ~ News Medical Life Sciences) New insights into deadly fungal invasion in people with compromised immune systems ➤


❂


📖 (22 Sep 2022 ~ European Respiratory Journal) Circulating anti-nuclear autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors predict long COVID symptoms ➤


❂


📖 (16 July 2020 ~ Pre-print) AIDS and COVID-19 are two diseases separated by a common lymphocytopenia ➤


❂


📖 (3 Jun 2023 ~ The Lancet) Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK ➤


❂


📖 (16 Aug 2023 ~ The Lancet / eClinicalMedicine) Risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination: a population-based cohort study ➤


❂


📖 (31 Aug 2023 ~ Cell) Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 20 Sep 2023 ~ University of Oxford) Autoimmune disorders found to affect around one in ten people ➤


❂


📖 (9 Aug 2023 ~ Science: Translational Medicine) Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts ➤


❂


📖 (21 Mar 2023 ~ Infection Control Today) COVID-19: Study Suggests Long-term Damage to Immune System ➤


❂


📖 (13 Sep 2023 ~ 1 News/NZ) Covid may have permanently damaged people's immunity ➤


❂


📖 (20 Apr 2021 ~ Autoimmunity Reviews) Granulomatous manifestations associated with COVID19 infection: Is there a link between these two diseases? ➤


➲ 'Covid infections are putting people at higher risk of diabetes, strokes, heart disease and other long-term illnesses – but experts warn it may be decades before the full impact is known.'

 

❂


📖 (12 Sep 2022 ~ Nature: Communications) Previous immunity shapes immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection risk ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 16 Sep 2023 ~ Merck & Co) Entry for 'Lymphocytopenia' in Merck Manual ➤


➲ 'The most common causes of acquired lymphocytopenia include:


· Protein-energy undernutrition.
· HIV infection.
· COVID-19.
· Certain other viral infections.

 

Patients with HIV infection routinely have lymphocytopenia, which arises from destruction of CD4+ T cells infected with the HIV virus.

Patients with COVID-19 also frequently have lymphocytopenia (35% to 83% of patients).


Lower lymphocyte counts portend a poor prognosis and an increased likelihood of requiring ICU admission and of dying from the disease.


The cause of the lymphocytopenia is not completely understood, but COVID-19 can directly infect lymphocytes, and a cytokine-related apoptosis of the cells is likely.'


❂


📖 (3 May 2023 ~ Infectious Diseases) Evaluation of Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Immunity – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis ➤


❂


📖 (March 2023 ~ Asia Pacific Allergy) Immunological dysfunction and mast cell activation syndrome in long COVID ➤


❂

 

📖 (18 Aug 2023 ~ Cell) Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors ➤


❂

✒ Body

Musculoskeletal


📖 (22 Feb 2023 ~ Journal of Orthopaedic Research) Acute bone loss following SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice ➤


❂


📖 (15 Jul 2020 ~ The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery) Musculoskeletal Consequences of COVID-19 ➤


❂

Gut


📖 (16 Feb 2021 ~ Neurogastroenterology & Motility) Implications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection for neurogastroenterology ➤


❂


📖 (11 Sep 2023 ~ BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine) Curcumin and proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia: a randomised, double blind controlled trial ➤


➲ 'Curcumin and omeprazole had comparable efficacy for functional dyspepsia with no obvious synergistic effect.'


❂


📖 (11 Sep 2023 ~ The Guardian) Turmeric could be as effective as medicine for indigestion, says study ➤

 

➲ 'Natural compound found in spice may reduce excess stomach acid as effectively as omeprazole, first study of its kind finds.'

 

❂


📖 (22 Nov 2022 ~ National Institutes of Health/NIH) COVID-19 disrupts gut microbiome ➤


❂


📖 (20 Jan 2023 ~ International Journal of Molecular Medicine) Digestive system infection by SARS‑CoV‑2: Entry mechanism, clinical symptoms and expression of major receptors (Review) ➤


❂

Ears


📖 (24 Apr 2023 ~ European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology) Hearing loss and COVID-19: an umbrella review ➤


❂


📖 (18 Nov 2021 ~ Forbes) Covid Ear: Virus Implicated ➤


❂


📖 (1 Sep 2023 ~ International Journal of Infectious Diseases) Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in middle ear fluid and characterization of otitis media with effusion in COVID-19 patients ➤


❂

Cancer


📖 (9 Aug 2022 ~ Journal of Infection) Is SARS-CoV-2 an oncogenic virus? ➤


❂


📖 (23 May 2023 ~ Biochimie) Possible cancer-causing capacity of COVID-19: Is SARS-CoV-2 an oncogenic agent? ➤


❂

Long Covid


📖 (17 May 2023 ~ News Medical) Post-COVID condition varies by variant and vaccination status ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 17 Sep 2023 ~ US Govt/Covid.gov) What is Long COVID? Long COVID terms and definitions development explained ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 16 Sep 2023 ~ LCGAR: Long COVID Gene Association Resource) Long COVID – Phenotypes, Gene Association, Gene Ontology, Pathways and Drug repurposing ➤


❂


📖 (19 Jan 2023 ~ Buzzfeed News) Long COVID Might Ruin Booze For You ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 16 Sep 2023 ~ RTHM) Viral Reactivation and Long COVID ➤


❂


📖 (13 Jan 2023 ~ Nature Reviews: Microbiology) Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations ➤


❂


📖 (1 May 2022 ~ Open Forum Infectious Diseases) Initial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Load Is Associated With Disease Severity: A Retrospective Cohort Study ➤


❂


📖 (27 Feb 2023 ~ eClinicalMedicine/The Lancet) Multiomic characterisation of the long-term sequelae of SARS survivors: a clinical observational study ➤


❂


📖 (4 Sep 2023 ~ The Lancet) Determinants of the onset and prognosis of the post-COVID-19 condition: a 2-year prospective observational cohort study ➤


❂


📖 (4 Sep 2023 ~ Nature: Immunology) SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) ➤


❂


📖 (28 Apr 2022 ~ The Lancet) Long-term mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A national cohort study from Estonia ➤


❂


📖 (23 Sep 2023 ~ Time) Why You Should Rest – a Lot – If You Have COVID-19 ➤


❂


📖 (9 Aug 2023 ~ Pre-print) Long COVID in a highly vaccinated population infected during a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron wave – Australia, 2022 ➤


❂


📖 (5 Jun 2023 ~ CIDRAP/University of Minnesota) Study finds 27% rate of long COVID in infected health workers ➤


❂

✒ Pregnancy & reproduction


📖 (24 May 2023 ~ Placenta) The effects of COVID-19 on placental morphology ➤


❂


📖 (15 Nov 2022 ~ Journal of Reproductive Immunology) COVID-19 can lead to rapid progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by dysregulating the immune system: A hypothesis ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 17 Sep 2023 ~ National Cancer Institute) NCI entry for 'cervical intraepithelial neoplasia' ➤


❂


📖 (23 Jan 2023 ~ Health Imaging) Prenatal MRI reveals placental damage caused by COVID ➤


❂


📖 (19 Jan 2023 ~ World Socialist Website) Pregnant women with COVID-19 face 7 times higher risk of dying, new study finds ➤


❂

✒ Brain


📖 (12 Jan 2022 ~ UConn Today) COVID is Not Just a Respiratory Illness – It Can Cause Strokes Too ➤


❂


📖 (8 Apr 2021 ~ St. Luke's Health) Connections Between COVID-19 and Stroke You Need to Know ➤


❂


📖 (30 Jun 2022 ~ News Medical Life Sciences) Ischemic stroke risk may be higher after COVID-19 compared to flu or bacterial pneumonia ➤


❂


📖 (12 Dec 2022 ~ Yale School of Medicine) Potential New Treatment for "Brain Fog" in Long COVID Patients ➤


❂


📖 (March 2023 ~ Brain, Behavior, & Immunity: Health) Neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following infection with COVID-19: Evidence from laboratory and population studies ➤


❂


📖 (1 Mar 2023 ~ University of Waterloo) Long COVID linked to lower brain oxygen levels, cognitive problems and psychiatric symptoms ➤


❂


📖 (1 Mar 2023 ~ Business Standard) Long Covid cuts brain oxygen, worsens cognitive problems, depression ➤


❂


📖 (5 Dec 2022 ~ Nature: News) Severe COVID could cause markers of old age in the brain ➤


❂


📖 (29 Jul 2022 ~ Brain) Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19 ➤


❂


📖 (29 Jul 2022 ~ Brain) How COVID-19 affects microvessels in the brain ➤


❂


📖 (23 Mar 2021 ~ Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology) Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 "long haulers" ➤


❂


📖 (1 Mar 2023 ~ Scientific American) Long COVID Now Looks like a Neurological Disease, Helping Doctors to Focus Treatments ➤


❂


📖 (5 Dec 2022 ~ New Atlas) Harvard study links severe COVID with genetic signs of brain aging ➤


❂


📖 (5 Dec 2022 ~ Nature: Aging) Severe COVID-19 is associated with molecular signatures of aging in the human brain ➤


❂


📖 (26 Jan 2023 ~ Plos Blogs: DNA Science) COVID Virus Ventures Beyond the Lungs, Often Lodging in the Brain ➤


❂


📖 (22 Jun 2021 ~ Medical Xpress) Autopsy study shows how COVID harms the brain ➤


❂


📖 (30 Nov 2022 ~ Psychiatry Research) Two-year follow-up of brain structural changes in patients who recovered from COVID-19: A prospective study ➤


❂



📖 (7 Jul 2022 ~ Nature) COVID and the brain: researchers zero in on how damage occurs ➤


❂


📖 (1 Sep 2023 ~ Pre-print) SARS-CoV-2 Spike amyloid fibrils specifically and selectively accelerates amyloid fibril formation of human prion protein and the amyloid β peptide ➤


❂


📖 (28 Jan 2023 ~ NeuroImage: Clinical) Brain diffusion alterations in patients with COVID-19 pathology and neurological manifestations ➤


❂


📖 (22 Apr 2022 ~ Frontiers in Neuroscience) Brain Imaging Changes in Patients Recovered From COVID-19: A Narrative Review ➤


❂


📖 (27 Sep 2022 ~ Frontiers in Neuroscience) SARS-CoV-2, long COVID, prion disease and neurodegeneration ➤


❂

 

📖 (19 Sep 2023 ~ PNAS Nexus) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leads to Tau pathological signature in neurons ➤


❂

 

📖 (6 Mar 2023 ~ Cells) Pathogenesis Underlying Neurological Manifestations of Long COVID Syndrome and Potential Therapeutics ➤


❂


📖 (22 Sep 2022 ~ Nature: Medicine) Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19 ➤


❂


📖 (28 Sep 2022 ~ The Tyee) The Coming COVID Brain Wreck? ➤


➲ 'A new study adds to concerns about the severity and scope of neurological damage the virus can cause.'

❂


📖 (23 Sep 2022 ~ CTV News/Canada) COVID raises risk of long-term brain injury, large U.S. study finds ➤


❂

 

📖 (February 2023 ~ Leadership) Japan: Over 10% Of Kids With COVID-related Brain Disease Died In Japan – Survey ➤


❂


📖 (23 Feb 2023 ~ Journal of Neurology) Patterns of acute ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19 ➤


❂

✒ Transmission


📖 (7 June 2023 ~ Environmental Science and Pollution Research) SARS-CoV-2 airborne infection probability estimated by using indoor carbon dioxide ➤


❂


📖 (27 Sept 2022 ~ Twitter) Jeff Gilchrist on Transmission ➤


❂


📖 (16 Dec 2022 ~ JAMA Network Open: Infectious Diseases) Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in a Centralized Quarantine Location in Hangzhou, China ➤


❂


📖 (8 Sep 2023 ~ Pre-print) Quantity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies exhaled per minute during natural breathing over the course of COVID-19 infection ➤


❂


📖 (8 Sep 2023 ~ Northwestern University) COVID patients breathe large amounts of virus early on ➤

 

➲ 'COVID patients exhale high numbers of virus during the first eight days after symptoms start, as high as 1,000 copies per minute, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study.


It is the first longitudinal, direct measure of the number of SARS-CoV-2 viral copies exhaled per minute over the course of the infection – from the first sign of symptoms until 20 days after.


On day eight, exhaled levels of virus drop steeply, down to near the limit of detection – an average of two copies exhaled per minute.'

 

❂


📖 (17 Jun 2020 ~ The Conversation) I study coronavirus in a highly secured biosafety lab – here's why I feel safer here than in the world outside ➤


❂


📖 (2 Feb 2023 / Accessed 16 Sep 2023 ~ UK Health Security Agency) UKHSA Advisory Board: preparedness for infectious disease threats ~ Airborne (droplet or aerosol) transmission ➤

{ALSO SEE SAME ENTRY FOR ‘NHS’}


➲ 'Airborne (droplet or aerosol) transmission:


This occurs when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks (droplets) containing the infectious agent are expelled into the air and inhaled by someone nearby OR when an infectious agent is suspended in the air and inhaled by someone (aerosol) because the infectious particles are much smaller and can remain suspended in the air for long periods of time.

 

➤ For example flu, RSV, COVID-19, TB, measles, C. diphtheria, Strep pneumoniae.'

 

❂


📖 (15 Sep 2023 ~ CIDRAP/University of Minnesota) Study: Hospital wastewater system a 'highway' for resistant bacteria ➤


❂


📖 (2 Jun 2023 ~ CIDRAP/University of Minnesota) More than 70% of US household COVID spread started with a child, study suggests ➤


❂


📖 (30 Aug 2023 ~ Nature: News) COVID infection risk rises the longer you are exposed – even for vaccinated people ➤


❂


📖 (19 Aug 2023 ~ Nature: Communications) Evidence of leaky protection following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in an incarcerated population ➤


❂

✒ Solutions

Solutions: General


📖 (10 May 2022 ~ The Journal of Infectious Diseases) Fit-Tested N95 Masks Combined With Portable High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filtration Can Protect Against High Aerosolized Viral Loads Over Prolonged Periods at Close Range ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 20 Sep 2023 ~ Nelson Labs) Bacterial & Viral Filtration Efficiency (BFE/VFE) ➤


❂


📖 (1 Apr 2021 ~ Michigan Medicine) People Gave Up on Flu Pandemic Measures a Century Ago When They Tired of Them – and Paid a Price ➤


❂


📖 (26 Jan 2023 ~ The Guardian) We are all playing Covid roulette. Without clean air, the next infection could permanently disable you ➤

 

➲ 'As rich people plough money into ventilation to protect themselves, those with Long Covid are treated as an embarrassment.'

 

❂


📖 (31 Jan 2023 ~ ABC News) COVID-19 rapid antigen tests overhaul needed, researcher says ➤


❂


📖 (20 Jan 2023 ~ Forbes) World Economic Forum: Here Are All The Covid-19 Precautions At Davos 2023 ➤


❂


📖 (11 Jan 2023 ~ The Tyee) We Need a Revolution in Clean Indoor Air ➤


❂


📖 (5 Jan 2023 ~ The Guardian) With a recent rise in Covid cases and the NHS in trouble, here's how to end the culture war on face masks ➤


❂


📖 (26 Dec 2022 ~ Sci Tech Daily) Breakthrough! Receptor "Decoy" Drug Neutralizes COVID-19 Virus Including Omicron and Other Variants ➤


❂


📖 (November 2023 ~ BC Medical Journal) HEPA filtration reduces transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and prevents nosocomial infection: A call to action ➤


❂


📖 (24 Aug 2023 ~ The Royal Society) COVID-19: examining the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions ➤


❂


📖 (July 2023 ~ Annals of Internal Medicine) Performance of Rapid Antigen Tests to Detect Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection ➤


❂


📖 (29 Jun 2021 ~ BMJ: News) Covid-19: Upgrading to FFP3 respirators cuts infection risk, research finds ➤


❂


📖 (28 Jun 2021 ~ BMJ: Opinion) Use of airborne precautions for covid-19 in healthcare settings ➤


❂


📖 (10 Jul 2023 ~ Sci Tech Daily) New Air Monitor Can Detect COVID-19, Flu, RSV, and Other Viruses in Real-Time ➤


❂


📖 (10 Jul 2023 ~ Nature: Communications) Real-time environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols ➤


❂


📖 (11 Mar 2023 ~ Nature: Communications) Indoor air surveillance and factors associated with respiratory pathogen detection in community settings in Belgium ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 23 Sep 2023 ~ Isolating Community) Why our family is 'Covid-cautious' ➤


❂


📖 (April 2021 ~ The Lancet COVID-19 Commission Task Force on Safe Work, Safe School, and Safe Travel/PDF) Designing infectious disease resilience into school buildings through improvements to ventilation and air cleaning ➤


❂


📖 (1 Jul 2021 ~ Clinical Infectious Diseases) The Removal of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Other Microbial Bioaerosols by Air Filtration on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Surge Units ➤


❂


📖 (16 Nov 2021 ~ NHS/Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust) Air filters on wards remove almost all airborne Covid virus ➤


❂


📖 (18 Sep 2022 ~ Indoor Air) HEPA filters of portable air cleaners as a tool for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 ➤


❂

 

📖 (19 Jan 2023 ~ The Gauntlet) Billionaires at Davos don't think COVID is a cold ➤


❂


📖 (10 Mar 2023 ~ New Zealand Medical Journal: Editorial) Protecting school communities from COVID-19 and other infectious disease outbreaks: the urgent need for healthy schools in Aotearoa New Zealand ➤


❂


📖 (18 May 2023 ~ PLOS Medicine) SARS-CoV-2 transmission with and without mask wearing or air cleaners in schools in Switzerland: A modeling study of epidemiological, environmental, and molecular data ➤


❂


📖 (1 May 2023 ~ CIDRAP/University of Minnesota) Study of Novavax COVID vaccine estimates 100% efficacy against hospitalizations ➤


❂


📖 (June 2023 ~ Environment International) Associations between illness-related absences and ventilation and indoor PM2.5 in elementary schools of the Midwestern United States ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 25 Sep 2023 ~ Let's Clear The Air AB) Indoor Air Quality (AIQ) Resources ➤


❂

Solutions: Air purifiers


📖 (15 Sep 2022 ~ Fortune) A DIY air purifier that costs under $100 to make is taking America's classrooms by storm ➤


❂


📖 (5 Mar 2023 ~ Air Purifier First) TaoTronics Air Purifier (TT-AP001) – Hands-on Review ➤


❂


📖 (18 Apr 2023 ~ House Fresh) TaoTronics TT-AP005 Review ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 16 Sep 2023 ~ Clean Air Stars: Helping and Promoting Businesses with Cleaner Air) Choosing an air purifier ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 18 Sep 2023 ~ Altruism) CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) Calculator ➤


❂


📖 (14 Apr 2023 ~ House Fresh) TaoTronics TT-AP003 Air Purifier Review ➤


❂


📖 (16 Dec 2022 ~ Modern Castle) TaoTronics Air Purifier Review (TT-AP003) ➤


❂


📖 (1 Sep 2023 ~ It's Airborne) My 6 Favorite HEPA Filters & Air Cleaners ➤


❂


📖 (Sep 2023 ~ Smart Air) Smart Air ~ SA600 Air Purifier ➤


❂

Solutions: CO2 detectors


📖 (Accessed 19 Sep 2023 ~ Inkbird) INKBIRD Wi-Fi CO₂ Detector ➤


❂

Solutions: Germicidal UV / Far-UV


📖 (Accessed 17 Sep 2023 ~ Far-UVC™ Technology) Research on Far UV-C ➤


❂


📖 (9 Feb 2018 ~ Nature: Scientific Reports) Far-UVC light: A new tool to control the spread of airborne-mediated microbial diseases ➤


❂


📖 (9 Apr 2021 ~ Center for Disease Control/CDC) Upper-Room Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation ➤


❂


📖 (25 Mar 2022 ~ Columbia University Irving Medical Center) New Type of Ultraviolet Light Makes Indoor Air as Safe as Outdoors ➤


❂


📖 (25 May 2022 ~ Photochemistry and Photobiology) No Evidence of Induced Skin Cancer or Other Skin Abnormalities after Long-Term (66 week) Chronic Exposure to 222-nm Far-UVC Radiation ➤


❂


📖 (1 Feb 2022 ~ Photochemistry and Photobiology) Wavelength-dependent DNA Photodamage in a 3-D human Skin Model over the Far-UVC and Germicidal UVC Wavelength Ranges from 215 to 255 nm ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 16 Sep 2023 ~ Far UV Technologies) Krypton Shield upper-room Far-UV disinfection ➤


❂


📖 (13 Jan 2023 ~ World Socialist Website) Ultraviolet light and indoor air disinfection to fight pandemics: A technology long overdue – Part 2 ➤


❂


📖 (Sterilray Inc) Far-UV (222nm) Sterilray Technology ➤


❂

Solutions: Masks


📖 (2 May 2023 ~ STAT) Do masks work? Randomized controlled trials are the worst way to answer the question ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 25 Sep 2023 ~ Patient Knowhow) You may need a better mask for Covid-19 variants and Wildfires. Here's how to upgrade to one that meets N95 standards or with high-fit/filtration (Hi-Fi) ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 25 Sep 2023 ~ Handanhy) Handanhy HY9330 FFP3 NR D Respirator Unvalved ➤


❂


📖 (21 Jun 2022 ~ The Royal Melbourne Hospital) The RMH staff vote 3-panel flat-fold N95 mask most comfortable ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 23 Sep 2023 ~ USA Today) Fact check: No, N95 filters are not too large to stop COVID-19 particles ➤


❂


📖 (28 Jan 2022 ~ Wired) The Physics of the N95 Face Mask ➤


❂


📖 (24 Jun 2022 ~ AMA/American Medical Association) What doctors wish patients knew about wearing N95 masks ➤


❂


📖 (27 Aug 2022 ~ Annals of Medicine and Surgery) The effect of plastic tape seal to reduce face seal leak in respirator N-95 type 1860 ➤


❂


📖 (11 Aug 2020 ~ JAMA Internal Medicine: Invited Commentary) Filtration Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Availability of N95 Face Masks for COVID-19 Prevention ➤


❂


📖 (24 Sep 2020 ~ Nature: Scientific Reports) Efficacy of masks and face coverings in controlling outward aerosol particle emission from expiratory activities ➤


❂


📖 (18 May 2021 ~ Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology) Assessing the effect of beard-hair lengths on face masks used as personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 19 Sep 2023 ~ The Face Mask Store) Dräger X-plore 1920 FFP2 Unvalved Respirator Mask ➤


❂


📖 (7 Sep 2023 ~ Forbes) Where Have All The Masks Gone? ➤


❂

Solutions: Nasal sprays & mouthwashes


📖 (8 July 2021 ~ International Journal of General Medicine) Efficacy of a Nasal Spray Containing Iota-Carrageenan in the Postexposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Hospital Personnel Dedicated to Patients Care with COVID-19 Disease ➤


❂


📖 (9 Aug 2023 ~ Science-Based Medicine) Nasal Sprays To Prevent COVID – The evidence for nasal sprays to prevent COVID-19 is too preliminary to recommend their use ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 18 Sep 2023 ~ The Boots Company PLC) Boots Dual Defence Nasal Spray ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 18 Sep 2023 ~ Flo Nasal Australia) Flo Travel Nasal Spray ➤


❂


📖 (13 Sep 2022 ~ Science Daily) Twice-daily nasal irrigation reduces COVID-related illness, death, study finds ➤


❂


✒ Misinformation, disinformation & lies


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (22 Apr 2023 ~ The Daily Mail) EXCLUSIVE: Face masks may raise risk of stillbirths, testicular dysfunction and cognitive decline due to build-up of carbon dioxide, disputed study claims ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (17 Jan 2023 ~ The Sydney Morning Herald) It's time to stop worrying so much about new variants ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo [Brazen Horseshit] 📖 (24 Sep 2023 ~ The BBC) What you need to know about Covid as new variant rises ➤

 

➲ 'Dr Adam Finn, professor of paediatrics at the University of Bristol, explained:


"When younger people who've already had infections and vaccines get Covid [again], they get a cold and a cough and might be off work for a few days.


There's no real value in investing a lot of time and effort immunising them again when there are so many other things for the health service to be doing."

 

The reality is then that most under-65s will now end up boosting their immunity not through vaccination, but through catching Covid many times.'

❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (7 Apr 2023 ~ The Daily Mail) Were masks in hospitals a waste of time? Hated NHS policy made 'no difference' to Covid infection rates, study finds ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (20 Mar 2023 ~ The Guardian) Covid has not affected people's happiness around world, study reveals ➤


➲ 'World Happiness Report finds higher levels of benevolence in all global regions than before the pandemic.'

 

❂


📖 (8 Mar 2023 ~ The British Journal of Sociology) 'We need to start building up what's called herd immunity': Scientific dissensus and public broadcasting in the Covid-19 pandemic ➤


❂


📖 (13 Sep 2021 ~ BMJ: Opinion) Covid-19 and the new merchants of doubt ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (13 Feb 2023 ~ The Spectator) Do face masks work? ➤


➲ 'The latest review of their use during the pandemic suggests they did little to help.'

 

❂


Misinfo/Disnfo 📖 (2 Feb 2023 ~ The Daily Mail) Does this finally put the mask debate to bed? 'Gold standard' analysis of 78 studies and 1million people finds face coverings made 'little to no difference' to Covid infection or death rates ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (29 Apr 2020 ~ The Telegraph) No reported case of a child passing coronavirus to an adult exists, evidence review shows ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (18 Jan 2023 ~ The Telegraph) The reason your constant coughing won't go away ➤


➲ 'Doctors notice wave of infections is lasting longer than usual as social distancing weakens nation's immunity.'

 

❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (18 Jan 2023 ~ Fortune Well) Recovering from COVID doesn't give you bulletproof immunity – 'hybrid' immunity is way better, according to a new WHO study ➤


❂


📖 (19 Jan 2023 ~ Open Democracy) Revealed: Taskforce to tackle NHS backlog is stuffed with private health CEOs ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (13 Apr 2023 ~ Very Well Mind) STRESS MANAGEMENT: How to Deal With COVID Anxiety Syndrome ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (9 Jan 2023 ~ The Atlantic) Maybe Don't Unleash the Kraken ➤


❂


📖 (3 Jan 2023 ~ World Socialist Website) The CDC cover-up of Omicron XBB.1.5 and the growing winter COVID surge ➤


❂


📖 (10 Nov 2022 ~ The Lancet) Why hybrid immunity is so triggering ➤


❂


📖 (5 Oct 2022 ~ The Guardian) Right-wing think-tanks run this government. But first, they had to capture the BBC ➤


❂


📖 (21 Dec 2022 ~ The Tyee) Ten COVID Facts Health Officials Dangerously Downplay ➤


❂


📖 (23 Nov 2022 ~ Financial Times) 'Immunity debt' is a misguided and dangerous concept ➤


❂


📖 (12 Nov 2022 ~ Global News Canada) 'Immunity debt': Why experts say this new term promotes COVID-19 'misinformation' ➤


❂


📖 (29 Sep 2022 ~ New York Times) How McKinsey Got Into the Business of Addiction ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (McKinsey & Company) McKinsey & Company ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (28 July 2022 ~ McKinsey & Company) When will the COVID-19 pandemic end? ➤


❂


➤ PAUCITY OF DATA 📖 (Accessed 19 Sep 2023 ~ GOV.UK) Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the UK ➤


❂


📖 (31 Aug 2023 ~ The Daily Mirror) EXCLUSIVE: Hospital scandal EXPOSED as hundreds of Covid Nightingale beds sold for just £6 ➤


❂


Misinfo/Disinfo 📖 (9 Sep 2023 ~ BBC News) New Covid-19 variant not necessarily alarming, virologist says ➤


➲ 'A new Covid-19 variant is "not necessarily that alarming" thanks to vaccines, a virologist has said.'


❂


ALSO SEE:


📖 (18 Sep 2023 ~ The Lancet: Correspondence) Transmissibility, infectivity, and immune evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant ➤


➲ 'The sera obtained from individuals vaccinated with third-dose monovalent, fourth-dose monovalent, BA.1 bivalent, and BA.5 bivalent mRNA vaccines exhibited very little or no antiviral effects against BA.2.86.


Additionally, the three monoclonal antibodies (bebtelovimab, sotrovimab, and cilgavimab), which worked against the parental BA.2.6 did not exhibit antiviral effects against BA.2.86.

Altogether, these results suggest that BA.2.86 is one of the most highly immune evasive variants so far.'


❂

✒ Origins


📖 (24 Aug 2023 ~ World Health Network) "Common Names" for Notable SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Proposal for a Transparent and Consistent Nicknaming Process to Aid Communication ➤


❂


📖 (9 Mar 2023 ~ Nature: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy: Letters) The SARS-CoV-2 main protease induces neurotoxic TDP-43 cleavage and aggregates ➤


❂


📖 (29 Aug 2022 ~ UnHerd) How Dick Cheney created Anthony Fauci ➤


❂


📖 (22 May 2014 ~ Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy / University of Minnesota) Experts call for alternatives to 'gain-of-function' flu studies ➤


❂


📖 (20 Mar 2019 ~ Vox) How deadly pathogens have escaped the lab – over and over again ➤


❂


📖 (30 Jan 2020 ~ The Lancet) Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding ➤


❂


📖 (30 Oct 2013 ~ Nature: Letters) Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor ➤


❂


📖 (25 Jul 2014 ~ Nature: News) Biosafety in the balance ➤


❂


📖 (22 Oct 2014 ~ Nature: News) US suspends risky disease research ➤


❂


📖 (12 Nov 2015 ~ Nature: News) Engineered bat virus stirs debate over risky research ➤


❂


📖 (31 Mar 2022 ~ Vanity Fair) "This Shouldn't Happen": Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy ➤


❂


📖 (25 Jul 2005 ~ Journal of Experimental Medicine) Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS ➤


❂


📖 (10 Feb 2023 ~ The Weekly Dish/Audio Interview) Nicholas Wade On 'The Lab Leak Covid Theory' ➤


❂


📖 (30 Jan 2023 ~ The Tyee) We Now Face an Army of COVID Viruses ➤

 

➲ 'The pandemic has not ended. It is evolving, with big implications. Here are six.'

 

❂


📖 (5 Apr 2023 ~ Nature Reviews: Microbiology) The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 ➤


❂

✒ Excess deaths


📖 (10 Mar 2022 ~ The Lancet) Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020-21 ➤


❂


❦ Excess deaths by graph


Estimated worldwide cumulative excess deaths during COVID-19.


[Insert latest Excess Deaths chart here.]


© 2023 Our World In Data ➤


While ‘confirmed COVID-19 deaths’ stand at 6.92 million as of 23 April 2023, a closer number is between 17.71 and 30.59 million deaths in a little over three years.


Multiply 20 million deaths by the number of family and friends grieving those lost, and you end up with a lot of pain.


‘The least reinfections as possible, with the smallest viral load, while as vaccinated as possible.’


❂

✒ History


📖 (17 Apr 2023 ~ Nature: Book Review) Did the Black Death break feudalism and make capitalism? Maybe, maybe not ➤


❂


📖 (31 Jan 2023 ~ Live Science) The worst epidemics and pandemics in history ➤


❂


📖 (20 Sep 2021 ~ Cureus) Pandemics Throughout the History ➤


❂


📖 (Accessed 16 Sep 2023 ~ Aeon) The bloodstained leveller ➤


❂

✒ Measurements, guides and stats


❦ Variant Visualiser for your country

Mike Honey's Variant Visualiser (Genomic Sequence Analysis).


The region of ‘Oceania/Australia’ is set by default, as the visualiser was created in Australia.


Choose your country by clicking on the ‘Continent, Country, Location’ dropdown menu in the top-right-hand corner.


The variant visualiser is free to use, and is automatically updated every time you open the link.


Click on the image below to open the visualiser in a new window.


Image: Screenshot of SARS-CoV-2 variants active in the United Kingdom from 1st July – 13th September 2023.


❦ The Variant Visualiser by © 2023 Mike Honey.

 

❂


📖 (Accessed 23 Sep 2023 ~ Gilchrist, J) COVID-19 - Stats, Calculators, Guides, Useful Info & Articles ➤


❂

GVS videos


📽 Video: ‘Differences between disposable masks and reusable masks’ ~ by GVS.


📽 Video: ‘Sterilising an Elipse P3 Half-Mask in an Autoclave’ ~ by GVS.


📽 Video: ‘GVS Elipse P3 Half-Mask with Replaceable Filters: Instructions for Use’ ~ by GVS.


📽 Video: ‘The GVS Elipse P3 Half-Face Mask’ ~ by GVS.


📽 Video: ‘Elastomeric Half-Mask Respirators for Healthcare’ ~ by MSA North America.